GERMANY’S INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION: ADVANCING THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

Abstract

The industrial circular economy has become a key strategy for achieving sustainable development by reducing waste, extending product life cycles and improving resource efficiency. Germany is recognized as one of the leading countries in implementing circular economy principles through advanced recycling systems, industrial innovation and environmental legislation. However, the practice of planned obsolescence remains a significant examines the relationship between the circular economy and planned obsolescence in Germany. It analyses German industrial policies, examples of product durability issues and growing “right to repair” movement. This study highlights both the achievements and limitations of Germany’s sustainability transition. The findings demonstrate that although
considerable progress has been made in waste management and industrial recycling in Germany, stronger regulations and repair-oriented product designs are necessary to fully support a circular economic model.