SYNTHESIS OF TiO2 NANOPARTICLES USING DURIAN PEEL EXTRACT FOR INDIGO CARMINE DYES PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION

Authors

  • Dosi Novita Sari Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padang State University
  • Khoiriah Khoiriah National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)
  • Romy Dwipa Yamesa Away Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padang State University
  • Asmida Herawati Research Center for Photonics, National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Reza Audina Putri Research Center for Catalysis, National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Vivi Sisca Research Center for Molecular Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Tia Okselni Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59957/jctm.v61.i4.2026.8

Keywords:

Durian peel, green synthesis, indigo carmine, TiO2, photocatalys

Abstract

TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a sol - gel using Durian (Durio zibethinus) peel extract as a green and sustainable approach for photocatalytic applications. The peel extract acted as a natural stabilizing and capping agent, with its bioactive compounds promoting the formation of nanocrystalline anatase (5 - 10 nm) exhibiting good colloidal stability and a bandgap of 3.2 eV. Photocatalytic evaluation showed that the bio-based TiO2 nearly achieved ± 99 % degradation of indigo carmine within 60 min, comparable to commercial TiO2. According to the result, utilization of durian peel extract for TiO2 synthesis offers a sustainable strategy with potential application in textile wastewater treatment and contributing to circular economy practices.

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2026-07-01

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Vol. 61 No. 4 (2026)

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